Development of Live-Attenuated Arenavirus Vaccines Based on Codon Deoptimization

Arenavirus Genome Rearrangement for the Development of Live Attenuated Vaccines.

UNLABELLED Several members of the Arenaviridae family cause hemorrhagic fever disease in humans and pose serious public health problems in their geographic regions of endemicity as well as a credible biodefense threat. To date, there have been no FDA-approved arenavirus vaccines, and current antiarenaviral therapy is limited to an off-label use of ribavirin that is only partially effective. Are...

Envelope Exchange for the Generation of Live-Attenuated Arenavirus Vaccines

Arenaviruses such as Lassa fever virus cause significant mortality in endemic areas and represent potential bioterrorist weapons. The occurrence of arenaviral hemorrhagic fevers is largely confined to Third World countries with a limited medical infrastructure, and therefore live-attenuated vaccines have long been sought as a method of choice for prevention. Yet their rational design and engine...

Reduced Protein Expression in a Virus Attenuated by Codon Deoptimization

A general means of viral attenuation involves the extensive recoding of synonymous codons in the viral genome. The mechanistic underpinnings of this approach remain unclear, however. Using quantitative proteomics and RNA sequencing, we explore the molecular basis of attenuation in a strain of bacteriophage T7 whose major capsid gene was engineered to carry 182 suboptimal codons. We do not detec...

Development of an Attenuated Live Virus Vaccine against Sheep Pox

Live Attenuated Measles Mumps and Rubella Vaccines:

Abbreviations: MMR: Measles, Mumps and Rubella; WHO: World Health Organization; SSPE: Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis; PAHO: Pan American Health Organization; CRS: Congenital Rubella Syndrome; MR: Measles-Rubella; GSK: GlaxoSmithKline; EZ: Edmonston Zagreb; CEF: Chicken Embryo Fibroblast; IBD: Inflammatory Bowel Disease; CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; SSPE: Subacute Sclero...